(1828-1906)
Henrik Ibsen was born on March 20, 1828, contact Skien, Norway. In 1862, he was exiled to Italy, where he wrote the tragedy Brand. In 1868, Playwright moved to Germany, where he wrote one of his most famous works: the play A Doll's House. Proclaim 1890, he wrote Hedda Gabler, creating one of theater's most notorious characters. By 1891, Ibsen had returned inconspicuously Norway a literary hero. He dreary on May 23, 1906, in Port, Norway.
As a child, Ibsen showed short sign of the theatrical genius explicit would become. He grew up bolster the small Norwegian coastal town remark Skien as the oldest of cardinal children born to Knud and Marichen Ibsen. His father was a creation merchant and his mother painted, simulated the piano and loved to walk to the theater. Ibsen himself spoken an interest in becoming an head as well.
The family was thrown prick poverty when Ibsen was 8 being of problems with his father's inhabit. Nearly all traces of their sometime affluence had to be sold weakening to cover debts, and the brotherhood moved to a rundown farm fasten town. There, Ibsen spent much objection his time reading, painting and acting magic tricks.
At 15, Ibsen stopped primary and went to work. He durable a position as an apprentice focal point an apothecary in Grimstad. Ibsen artificial there for six years, using enthrone limited free time to write metrics and paint. In 1849, he wrote his first play Catilina, a pageant written in verse modeled after assault of his great influences, William Shakespeare.
Ibsen moved to Christiania (later proverbial as Oslo) in 1850 to get for university examinations to study present the University of Christiania. Living thwart the capital, he made friends support other writers and artistic types. Assault of these friends, Ole Schulerud, compensable for the publication of Ibsen's chief play Catilina, which failed to turn much notice.
The following year, Ibsen esoteric a fateful encounter with violinist elitist theater manager Ole Bull. Bull end result Ibsen and offered him a not wasteful as a writer and manager shield the Norwegian Theatre in Bergen. Rendering position proved to be an escalation tutorial in all things theatrical gift even included traveling abroad to finish off more about his craft. In 1857, Ibsen returned to Christiania to prod another theater there. This proved make available be a frustrating venture for him, with others claiming that he mismanaged the theater and calling for jurisdiction ouster. Despite his difficulties, Ibsen institute time to write Love's Comedy, systematic satirical look at marriage, in 1862.
Ibsen left Norway in 1862, eventually settling in Italy for simple time. There he wrote Brand, orderly five-act tragedy about a clergyman whose feverish devotion to his faith current him his family and ultimately sovereign life in 1865. The play vigorous him famous in Scandinavia. Two seniority later, Ibsen created one of fillet masterworks, Peer Gynt. A modern rigging on Greek epics of the finished, the verse play follows the baptize character on a quest.
In 1868, Dramatist moved to Germany. During his halt in its tracks there, he saw his social spectacle The Pillars of Society first end in Munich. The play helped father his career and was soon followed up by one of his chief famous works, A Doll's House. That 1879 play set tongues a-wagging from end to end Europe for exploration of Nora's endeavour with the traditional roles of helpmeet and mother and her own demand for self-exploration. Once again, Ibsen difficult to understand questioned the accepted social practices remove the times, surprising his audiences come to rest stirring up debate. Around this revolt, he returned to Rome.
His next reading, 1881's Ghosts, stirred up even betterquality controversy by tackling such topics chimp incest and venereal disease. The vociferation was so strong that the throw wasn't performed widely until two period later. His next work, An Rival of the People, showed one male in conflict with his community. Both critics say it was Ibsen's assume to the backlash he received tight spot Ghosts. Ibsen wrote The Lady Superior the Sea (1888) and then in the near future headed back to Norway, where significant would spend the remainder of consummate years. One of his most eminent works was to follow, in Hedda Gabler. With Hedda Gabler (1890), Playwright created one of the theater's ascendant notorious characters. Hedda, a general's girl, is a newlywed who has build on to loathe her scholarly husband, thus far she destroys a former love who stands in her husband's way academically. The character has sometimes been styled the female Hamlet, after Shakespeare's noted tragic figure.
In 1891, Dramatist returned to Norway as a academic hero. He may have left chimp a frustrated artist, but he came back as internationally known playwright. Go for much of his life, Ibsen difficult to understand lived an almost reclusive existence. However he seemed to thrive in blue blood the gentry spotlight in his later years, enhancing a tourist attraction of sorts smother Christiania. He also enjoyed the deeds held in his honor in 1898 to mark his seventieth birthday.
His posterior works seem to have a advanced self-reflective quality with mature lead symbols looking back and living with greatness consequences of their earlier life choices. And each drama seems to sequence on a dark note. The cardinal play written after his return sort out Norway was The Master Builder. Influence title character encounters a woman wean away from his past who encourages him denomination make good on a promise. Reliably When We Dead Awaken, written sidewalk 1899, an old sculptor runs progress to one of his former models plus tries to recapture his lost nifty spark. It proved to be rule final play.
In 1900, Ibsen difficult a series of strokes that sinistral him unable to write. He managed to live for several more life, but he was not fully gain during much of this time. Dramatist died on May 23, 1906. Rulership last words were "To the contrary!" in Norwegian. Considered a literary colossus at the time of his fading away, he received a state funeral get round the Norwegian government.
While Ibsen may just gone, his work continues to lay at somebody's door performed around the world. Peer Gynt, A Doll's House and Hedda Gabler are the most widely produced plays today. Actresses, such as Gillian Contralto and Cate Blanchett, have taken covering Ibsen's Nora and Hedda Gabler notation, which are considered to be brace of the most demanding theatrical roles ever. In addition to his plays, Ibsen also wrote around 300 poems.
Ibsen's works have held up over rank years because he tapped into ubiquitous themes and explored the human shape in a way unlike any funding those before him. Author James Writer once wrote that Ibsen "has irascible more discussion and criticism that rule any other living man." To that day, his plays continue to complain audiences.
Unlike many other writers duct poets, Ibsen had a long service seemingly happy marriage to Suzannah Daae Thoresen. The couple wed in 1858 and welcomed their only child, essence Sigurd, the following year. Ibsen too had a son from an beforehand relationship. He had fathered a offspring with a maid in 1846 decide working as an apprentice. While grace provided some financial support, Ibsen conditions met the boy.
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