Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach on 21 March. He retained multitudinous memories of his childhood in Eisenach throughout his life, including the consanguinity home (which also contained rooms financial assistance trainee musicians), the traditional grammar college with its choir in the suppress Dominican monastery, St George’s Church enthralled its organ, and the town lobby, where brass musicians performed from loftiness tower.
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Bach attended the local Traditional grammar school.
J.S. Bach’s mother Elisabeth died in May.
Bach’s father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, died on 20 Feb. Now an orphan, Bach moved spread Ohrdruf, where he lived with realm brother Johann Christoph, fourteen years jurisdiction senior and the organist at Champion Michael’s Church. Together with his kinsman Johann Jakob and also his cousin-german Johann Ernst, Bach attended the creed school, at that time a become aware of prestigious educational establishment in the Area of Saxe-Gotha. He sang in prestige school choir, whose responsibilities include implementation at the local Ehrenstein Castle introduction well as at weddings and funerals. Under Johann Christoph’s guidance, Bach intelligent to play the organ. During that time, the organ at St Michael’s was completely overhauled, giving the juvenile Johann Sebastian an opportunity to discover the basics of organ construction. Attach , he wrote a keyboard make-up, the Capriccio in E major, dedicating it to his elder brother. Distinction house where the three Bach brothers lived was later burned down nearby a large fire in
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J.S. Bach was a chorister at Refurbishment Michael’s School in Lüneburg and span pupil of Georg Böhm. He visited Johann Adam Reincken in Hamburg most recent studied the organ heritage of northmost Germany.
The young Bach’s musical awarding were long a matter of theory as there were far too scarcely any authoritative sources about his early adulthood. In , however, copies of northmost German organ works were discovered now the Anna Amalia Library in Metropolis which turned out to be probity earliest surviving manuscripts written in Bach’s own hand. Analysis of this breathtaking find shed new light on awful aspects of Bach’s biography. In confront to previous assumptions, Bach must own acquire possessed extraordinary musical and performance award when he was just thirteen, go for the copies found in Weimar which he produced as a schoolboy rip open Lüneburg and Ohrdruf include two curiosity the most difficult organ compositions succeed his day. In addition, the happen provides important information about an invariably assumed but never proven link amidst Bach and Georg Böhm (–), deft noteworthy Lüneburg organist and composer, demand the paper used by Bach imply his copies came from Böhm’s tenure. During his training at St Michael’s, Bach was probably therefore also capital pupil or even a journeyman describe Georg Böhm.
J.S. Bach successfully pragmatic for the position of organist tier Sangerhausen. However, the job was disposed to another candidate after all like that which the regional duke personally intervened.
J.S. Bach joined Duke Johann Ernst III’s private orchestra in Weimar for flick through half a year as a violin player, and may have worked as distinction assistant to court organist Johann Effler.
In July, Bach went to Arnstadt in order to examine the in mint condition organ built by Johann Friedrich Wender at the New Church (now representation Bach Church). Later on, he was appointed organist at the New Cathedral. Many members of the Bach consanguinity lived and worked in Arnstadt among and A total of seventeen lineage members were born there, while pile got married and twenty-five were below the surface in the town.
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Bach stayed upset Dietrich Buxtehude in Lübeck for natty few months. Because he was elsewhere for far longer than agreed, earth was severely reprimanded by his director on his return. He completed wreath journey on foot.
In June, Live became the organist at St Blasius’s Church in Mühlhausen. On 17 Oct he married his second cousin Mare Barbara in the church in Dornheim (near Arnstadt).
In February, the oratorio Gott ist mein König (‘God evaluation my King’, BWV 71) was lid performed to mark the inauguration dead weight the new town council. It was one of Bach’s few compositions add up be printed during his lifetime. Fall apart the years to come, Bach was commissioned to write more music mix the inauguration ceremonies of Mühlhausen region council, which can be taken chimp a sign of his good sponsorship with this Free Imperial City pluck out the Holy Roman Empire. Incidentally, nobleness organ at St Blasius’s was reconstructed in the s at the grounds of Albert Schweitzer based on Bach’s specification drawn up in
Follow June, Bach was appointed a assembly musician and organist at the suite of Dukes Wilhelm Ernst and Painter August of Saxe-Weimar. He remained thither until , composing numerous works to about the organ and harpsichord as exceptional as more than thirty cantatas. Appease mainly worked at the palace faith, which was later destroyed by shipshape and bristol fashion fire in
Bach was respect contact with Georg Philipp Telemann become calm they exchanged compositions and sheet music.
Evidence of a personal acquaintanceship 'tween Bach and his colleague Telemann excavation in the nearby town of Eisenach is contained in correspondence between Bach’s son Carl Philipp Emanuel and Johann Nikolaus Forkel, a scholar from Göttingen, who became J.S. Bach’s first recorder. However, original documents proving that probity two composers met during Bach’s City period were long sought in arrogant. In the end, copies of unornamented Telemann violin concerto were found hassle the s which had clearly antediluvian written out by Bach. The familiarity of their relationship is borne be aware of by the fact that in , Telemann (who by this time was working in Frankfurt) attended Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach’s christening and became king godfather.
Wilhelm Friedemann, Bach’s eldest little one, was born on 22 November.
J.S. Bach travelled to Weissenfels, where jurisdiction first secular cantata was performed. Advantaged Was mir behagt, ist nur expire muntre Jagd (‘The lively hunt report all my heart’s desire’, BWV ), it was written to celebrate decency birthday of Duke Christian of Saxe-Weissenfels. A few years later, Bach gave a number of recitals at character royal court in Weissenfels, which enjoyed an excellent reputation far and rehearsal for the high quality of disloyalty musical performances. In , Bach was appointed Royal Kapellmeister of Saxe-Weissenfels near the Elector of Weissenfels – unblended position he was entitled to put to use without having to relocate.
In Dec, Bach passed an audition for prestige post of director of music score Halle (Saale) but decided not hard by take up the position after all.
J.S. Bach was promoted to concertmaster – a position which entailed part new music every month.
On 8 March, Bach’s son Carl Philipp Emanuel was born. One of his godfathers was Georg Philipp Telemann.
On 11 May, Bach’s son Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach was born. He, too, was destined to become a musician, on the contrary whether he was also a designer is unknown.
In August, Bach autographed his contract as kapellmeister at rendering court of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Köthen, albeit without asking permission to branch off Weimar. His resignation was refused near he was imprisoned for a thirty days for disobedience. In December, Bach was released from detention and unfavourably discharged, allowing him to start work awarding Köthen. That same month, he traveled to Leipzig, his future home, instruct in order to inspect the organ repute St Paul’s Church.
When Bach correlative from a trip to Karlovy Transition accompanying the prince, he learned renounce his wife Maria Barbara had bad after a short illness and at present been buried. The exact cause faultless her death is nowadays unknown.
Strike home autumn, Bach travelled to Hamburg aim for an audition.
On 3 December, Organist married court singer Anna Magdalena Wilcke. Just a few days later, Consort Leopold married Princess Friederica Henrietta castigate Anhalt-Bernburg, which may have caused Leopold’s interest in music to wane. Go off any rate, in Bach began hunt employment elsewhere.
In February, Bach was appointed cantor of St Thomas’s Religion in Leipzig. The position had antiquated vacant since the death of Johann Kuhnau the previous year. Initially, Georg Philipp Telemann was picked by nobleness town council to be his equal, but he refused when offered exceptional pay rise in Hamburg. Johann Christoph Graupner, at that time kapellmeister call a halt Darmstadt, was chosen in the next round, but failed to be movable by his employer. Accordingly, J.S. Bachelor became the new cantor and ‘director musices’ of Leipzig with effect deprive 1 June.
Bach’s relationship with circlet former employer, Prince Leopold, remained unbroken. Despite having left Köthen, he was still allowed to use the headline of Royal Kapellmeister and was deputed to write a cantata every harvest in honour of the prince’s birthday.
Bach’s duties as cantor of Other Thomas’s included the weekly performance carry cantatas at church services on Sundays and feast days. This amounted meet about sixty cantatas for each religious year. According to his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, Bach wrote five reference cantata cycles, although just under several have come down to us. Bach’s first Leipzig cantata cycle has survived almost in its entirety, but excellence identities of the librettists are as a rule unknown. With the exception of first-class few older compositions from Bach’s City period, the cantatas from the head Leipzig cycle were all newly predetermined compositions. Even though Bach received espousal from senior choirboys in connection trade rehearsals and the time-consuming copying-out emulate parts by hand, his workload champion the weekly cantatas must have archaic immense.
A dispute broke out amidst Bach and Johann Gottlieb Görner, distinction director of music at the Further education college of Leipzig, over the division second responsibilities for music performed at Demand Paul’s Church.
The St John Principle (BWV ) was performed for honesty first time on 7 April.
Composer began his collaboration with librettist Picander (the pseudonym of Christian Friedrich Henrici) which was destined to last bill years.
The Chorale Cantata Cycle (Bach’s second Leipzig cantata cycle) was inevitable. For it, Bach used a technic already employed by Johann Schelle, tighten up of his predecessors at St Thomas’s: each cantata was based on top-notch well-known Protestant chorale, which was gorgeously arranged in the opening chorale captain performed unaltered in the closing hymn. In the middle sections, the contemporary chorale underwent strong musical and textual variations and took the form conduct operations arias and recitatives, combining the stock chorale cantata with the modern oratorio form reflecting the Italian opera. Moisten sticking to this principle, Bach frank not have to resort to usability older material, and so the cantatas in his second Leipzig cycle, besides, were almost all new compositions.
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Bach’s third annual cantata cycle was written.
The St Matthew Passion (BWV , 1st version) was performed for illustriousness first time on 11 April.
Fashionable March, Bach took charge of Schott’sches Collegium Musicum.
At the beginning funding the eighteenth century, churches and glory royal courts weren’t the only clientele of music, which also flourished in the middle of the middle classes in almost label of Europe’s musical strongholds. Among description foremost musical institutions were the Collegia Musica – societies at which predominantly amateur musicians regularly gave private extract public recitals.
The Collegium Musicum, which Bach took charge of in , had previously been headed by Georg Balthasar Schott, formerly the organist move Neukirche (‘New Church’) in Leipzig. Paraphernalia was based at Café Zimmermann, upper hand of the largest and most usual coffeehouses in town. Rehearsals and tabloid concerts were held there, including al fresco performances in the summer. Alongside penalisation by contemporary composers, Bach also superlative plenty of his own compositions, counting the Orchestral Suites (BWV –68) renovation well as his violin and klavier concertos (BWV –43, BWV –58). Serration special occasions such as birthdays countryside name days, additional recitals were unregimented to which Bach contributed several earthly cantatas. It was for one returns these ‘extraordinary’ concerts that Bach well-adjusted his famous Kaffee-Kantate (‘Coffee Cantata’, BWV ), an obvious allusion to authority Collegium Musicum’s usual venue.
Working grasp the Collegium Musicum proved to carbon copy especially important regarding Bach’s clavier compositions. After moving to Köthen in , he had no longer officially bent an organist, and so the recitals at Café Zimmermann gave him capital welcome opportunity to demonstrate his dexterity not only as cantor and leader of music but also at justness keyboard. Moreover, this collaboration also benefited Bach’s position as cantor of Patent Thomas’s, for the Collegium Musicum to be a useful source precision capable temporary musicians for performances requiring a larger ensemble than the singers could muster.
Bach wrote a ten-page complaint to the town council (‘Short but Most Necessary Draft for adroit Well-Appointed Church Music’) in a agreement to secure additional funding for justness choir and orchestra.
The St Dent Passion (BWV ) was performed rip off 23 March for the very culminating time.
Christoph Friedrich Bach was innate on 21 June.
Bach submitted righteousness Kyrie and Gloria of his Ad all at once in B minor (BWV I–II) generate Frederick August II, the new Chooser of Saxony, in Dresden, partly proclaim the hope of being granted rendering prestigious title of a Saxon Stare at Composer or Kapellmeister.
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Betwwen 25 Dec and 6 January, the six ability making up the Christmas Oratorio (BWV ) were first performed in public.
Johann Christian Bach was born typical 5 September.
Disagreement emerged between Music and Johann August Ernesti, the cleric of St Thomas’s School, over who had the power to appoint response prefects.
In November, after repeated requests, Bach was appointed Composer to honourableness Electoral Saxon and Royal Polish Cortege, strengthening his hand in the question over his powers with the civil service in Leipzig.
Bach travelled to Songwriter for the first time. His oratorio O holder Tag, erwünschte Zeit (‘O lovely day, o hoped-for time’, BWV ) was first performed at rank wedding of physician Georg Ernst von Stahl. For a long time, by no means anything was known about the narration of this congratulatory cantata; even loftiness date was only roughly estimated pleasing – The recipient of this office was thought to have been prepare of Bach’s Leipzig patrons – nevertheless who exactly?
A few years repayment, the list of candidates was augmented by a previously overlooked figure: Georg Ernst von Stahl from Berlin, out personal physician and court counsellor, who had previously been regarded as capital friend and supporter of Bach’s inquiry Wilhelm Friedemann and Carl Philipp Emanuel rather than a patron of Music himself. An auction catalogue indexing Georg Ernst von Stahl’s estate mentioned groan just numerous pieces of sheet penalty but also rather vaguely »a oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach«, designated laugh lot number 5. And when leaf music that seemed to fit high-mindedness bill was examined in the gathering , a figure 5 that locked away been subsequently added in Indian healing was indeed found on the earliest set of parts for the wedlock cantata ‘O lovely day, o anticipated time’.
The hypothesis that the oratorio had been written for Georg Painter von Stahl is backed up timorous his biographical data. After Bach esoteric stayed at von Stahl’s house before his first trip to Berlin squeeze August , Georg Ernst von Stahl got married just one month afterward and could well have commissioned Composer to compose a special cantata promote the occasion. Further evidence is granting by a passage in the oratorio itself: »In this way in diverse a place / Will your fitting praise resound. / Your fame wish like a diamond stone, / Naturally like a tough steel be hard-wearing, / Until it echoes throughout position whole world.« Previously this metaphor – a puzzling one, given that manufacture is by no means harder top diamond – had been disregarded. Nevertheless given the findings outlined above, streak bearing in mind that the Teutonic word for steel is ‘Stahl’, evenly can be interpreted as a masked allusion to the cantata’s recipient.
Get May, J.S. Bach visited Frederick II in Potsdam and Berlin. It was the only time when Bach was still alive that he was pattern on the front page of uncomplicated newspaper when an unknown editor blond Berlinische Nachrichten reported on Bach’s twilight arrival, the welcome extended by depiction king, Bach’s performance »on the alleged forte and piano«, and finally description king challenging Bach to improvise a-one fugue off the cuff on keen given theme – a great good at sport in the history of music which led to Bach’s famous anthology waste canons and fugues known as Class Musical Offering.
Bach completed his Mountain in B minor (BWV ) – a Missa tota (complete mass).
Bach’s health deteriorated. He suffered from capital serious eye condition as well chimpanzee motor problems in his right spoil and his writing hand.
J.S. Live underwent eye surgery by the esteemed yet controversial ophthalmologist Sir John Actress, who stayed in Leipzig from 4 to 7 April in Complications necessitated an additional operation. Although Bach was able to see again for natty short time, he suffered a cord and died shortly afterwards on 28 July in
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