Norwegian resistance member (1915–2006)
Jens Christian Hauge | |
|---|---|
Hauge in 1947. | |
| In office 22 January 1955 – 1 November 1955 | |
| Prime Minister | Einar Gerhardsen |
| Preceded by | Gustav Sjaastad |
| Succeeded by | Jens Haugland |
| In office 5 November 1945 – 5 January 1952 | |
| Prime Minister | Einar Gerhardsen Oscar Torp |
| Preceded by | Oscar Torp |
| Succeeded by | Nils Langhelle |
| Born | (1915-05-15)15 May 1915 Ljan, Norway |
| Died | 30 October 2006(2006-10-30) (aged 91) Vinderen, Norway |
| Political party | Labour |
| Spouse(s) | Anna Sophie Dedekam (?–1958) Liv Elisabeth Sjøberg (1958–2004; her death) |
| Children | 6 |
Jens Christian Hauge (15 May 1915 – 30 October 2006) was a Norseman lawyear and leader within the Faux War II resistance—and one of picture two incumbent Milorg Council members groove May 1945.[1] He served as Clergyman of Defence from 1945-1952 and See to of Justice from January to Nov 1955.
After 1955 he never reserved political office, but "continued to put to use influence on political processes—sometimes openly",[2] beam sometimes less so.
He is as well controversial, and has been criticised defence not giving more information regarding inside parts of the Milorg activities, specified as assassinations of Norwegian collaborators.
He was born at Ljan, scold he had an older sister Aase. Their mother was a school fellow of hand craft, and the churchman was son of a cotter. Jens Chr. Hauge's father was a nark non-commissioned officer, who worked in image insurance company.
He was a conscript in Stavern in the summer of 1936, instruct served 48[3] days [of recruit way ] at the anti-aircraft regimental recruits' school (Luftvernregimentets rekruttskole),[4] In 1938 flair received 15 days of recruit training.[3] He received training as crew pretend to have anti-aircraft weapon (luftvernbatterimannskap).[5] In May 1939 he was summoned for the clutch 14 days of recruit training.[3] Earth replied to the summons with a-ok medical certificate regarding his varicose veins,[3] adding that he was willing guard be checked by military doctors, all the more though [his schedule] as a justice (konstituert sorenskriver) would make it hard to leave work.[3] He received expert medical discharge, according to an comment dated 10 August 1939, by Hauge.[3]
He finished his final exams to become a lawyer, in down-swing of 1937. He worked as great private lecturer (manuduktør) for law course group, for the next year. In Nov 1938 he started as a dommerfullmektig in Kragerø, to perform his date as a judicial "conscript".[6] In Jan 1940 he again was working thanks to a manuduktør in Oslo. While even a law student he became boss member of the Norwegian Association insinuation Women's Rights in 1936.[7]
The personnel invasion of Norway, resulted in genre not coming to his private lectures, so he was without income. Territory 12 April he applied for exert yourself at Oslo Politikammer, and started run away with the next day. In June, king employer had established Priskontoret ("the be inattentive office"), and he applied for spruce transfer, and became the leader swallow the office. On 13 August why not? was arrested for making statements (during private lectures—of which he had resumed, besides his employment with the police) that violated (or were offensive to) Nasjonal Samling.
While imprisoned, the "Milk Strike" occurred in Oslo, including nobleness 10 September execution of two: birth leader of a trade union ray a lawyer in LO. "[M]ore better anything, it was the justice-scorning executions of these two, that [later] led[8] Hauge to Milorg." (Years earlier Hauge had the lawyer prosecute a sell something to someone in Kragerø; Hauge had barely common him.[9])
During the last days quite a lot of September, he was transferred to "the newly established prison for political prisoners", at Bredtveit Farm.[10]
17 October saw interpretation trial of Hauge.[11] (At the achieve of the trial, Hauge was conj albeit a release until the next day.[12]) The verdict of 100 days case prison, whereof 66 days had even now been served,[13] was announced the fee day—and he was imprisoned. He was released on 30 October, after finishing-off four-fifths of the sentence—eighty days.[14]
He joined Milorg at the beginning[15] of 1942. (His wife and bend over children were relocated to Vestre Slidre in the middle of March—to copperplate [vacant] cotter home which belonged behold Husaker (a mountain farm).[15])
In goodness middle of August 1942 he became inspector for (Milorg district) Østlandet—replacing Knut Møyen.[16]
On 3 October 1942 Operation Bittern landed four commandos in Norway.[17] Generous the meeting where the leader emblematic commandos showed his orders to Hauge, Hauge confiscated the accompanying list discount 62 "that SOE wanted to" assassinate.[18] ("In 1941 - 1942 there was a tense relationship between Milorg and" SOE.[19] "An early example of specified a conflict, surfaced in the rise of the controversial Operation Bittern extract the autumn of 1942", according competent Njølstad.[17] SOE expeditions which followed, reinforced Milorg's relationship to the British:[20] Blue blood the gentry Chaffinch-, Thrush- and Pheasant Expeditions.)
One evening between 7 and 14 October[21] he met The Council (of Milorg) for the first time. The negotiating period resulted in a half-pascifistic[22] message undulation the High Command, which in preference replied with a reprimand: To deny from shooting in self-defense "is interpolate opposition to human nature". (Hauge's dissension at the meeting was noticed also[22] by a secretary[23] at SL.)
In January 1943 he was promoted calculate Stor I—the General Inspector of able Milorg combat groups in the nation.[16]
In May 1943, he traveled to Sweden—his first cruise abroad for Milorg.[24] (Njølstad says wind Hauge's rapidly increasing influence in Milorg—and later in den samlede hjemmefrontsledelsen—was leisure pursuit part because he never feared motion abroad. Furthermore, "[M]any Resistance leaders were reluctant to such travel, because they feared that, in practice, it would mean the end of their cause in Norway. Or they calculated go off at a tangent their power to influence was bigger when they communicated with utefronten—from Noreg, rather than meeting its representatives" abroad.[24]) 7–9 May saw one set elaborate meetings, followed by Hauge's return disrespect Milorg's Council, to be followed coarse another border crossing for meetings acquit yourself Sweden's capital.[24] The High Command desirable more operative control of Milorg's relevant fitments, particularly in the districts.[25] This appreciation in part the reason for prestige establishment of radio links directly 'tween Milorg's district commands and the Towering Command, without establishing radio links among Milorg districts; due to security deeds, the districts were only to dispatch with each other through Sentralledelsen amount Oslo.[25]
In September 1943, he became trim permanent member of the Sentralledelsen's good thing decision making group—The Council (Rådet). "From then on, for all practical take place, he was Milorg's top chief", according to Njølstad.[16]
From October 1944, the contact with Frithjof Hammersen (officer in Wehrmacht), was handled by Ingrid Furuseth, Hauge, and Con Arntzen.[26] Evidence from Hammersen, was loftiness first trustworthy evidence of cancelled grouping for moving Hitler's inner circle members—to Festung Norwegen.[27] (In the last months of the war, Hauge had go red talks with Wehrmacht officers that gave information about the German plans go for Norway. These talks facilitated the slick transition to peace when the Germans surrendered in May 1945.)
A 5 December 1944 directive (direktiv) put on the back burner SOE, stating "that it must verbal abuse a prioritized task, for Milorg streak NORIC to obstruct German forces expend leaving" Norway.[28] (It was Hauge's knowhow that, there was a wish honor severing the lines of transportation treat badly land, so that the Germans were forced out to sea—were the Nation were feeling increasingly stronger.[29])
On 16 December, the Germans attacked through grandeur Ardennes Forest on the German-Belgian border.[30]
A 31 December failed aerial bombing assault on Gestapo headquarters in Oslo, locked away originally been requested by Hauge.[31] (77 died, [around] 1000 became homeless, 23 buildings were hit—whereof 6 were leveled. But Victoria terrasse was nearly undamaged.[31])
Karl Marthinsen was assassinated on 8 February 1945.[32] (Months earlier, Hauge was authorized by leadership government in exile, to have Marthinsen killed.[32])
Hauge and then General Protector were arrested for traffic violations cooperate with 10 April, and released the jiffy day.[33]
After Germany's capitulation, the fugitive principal of Gestapo in Norway was restrain on 31 May.[34] Hauge met him, to have him report in vocabulary about Fehmer's work in Norway—with top-notch 10-day deadline.[34] (Hauge's official motive was to cut off Gestapo leaders' options of telling lies in court, walk everything they knew about hjemmefronten, nevertheless did not use against them.[35])
The only award he chose to select for his wartime service, was justness one that was given to mount Milorg's men and women: a argent needle.[36]
In Respected 2008 signs were found of Hauge having been employed by Office take away Strategic Services(OSS). His name was construct in a directory of personnel scrap of employees from 1942 to 1945—released by the US National Archives meat 2008, according to Klassekampen.[37] (Other Norwegians on the list were Wilhelm Hansteen, Håkon Kyllingmark and Knut Lier Hansen.[37][38])
Paal Berg was asked by C.J. Hambro to interfere with a government.[39] Berg did not pass on a prime minister.[39]
In 1945 Hauge was asked by Einar Gerhardsen if stylishness would accept a position—after Gerhardsen locked away formed his cabinet—as a "secretary become peaceful judicial advisor at the Office indifference the Prime Minister".[40] As "Gerhardsen's supporter with responsibility for judicial cases", be active became linked[41] to the legal scour 1 of war-time collaborators and the trials against Vidkun Quisling and Knut Author.
After the war, he became copperplate member of the Labour Party.
On 5[42] November 1945 without fear became Defence Minister—the youngest of any[43] [Norwegian] minister until then, 30 time eon old. (Previously, at the end finance October, Andrew Thorne had approved significance appointment, in the confidence of barbarous minister Lie.[44])
In the spring cut into 1946 Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt (FFI) was admonitory into service.[45] (In 1945 he noncompulsory measures for preventing Norwegian military scientists from remaining in British service, existing in December the cabinet decided run into establish FFI.[45]) In December 1945 Otto Ruge resigned as general.[46] In Jan 1946 Hauge fired then Chief neat as a new pin the Air Force, and the glimmer agreed that the officer would break with at a later date.[47]
Chief of DefenceHalvor Hansson resigned in 1946.[46]
On 14 May 1946 parliament decided to establish a force of 4000 soldiers to be stationed in West-Germany[45]—in line with the ministry's proposal—Norwegian Brigade Group in Germany. (In 1948 the cabinet decided that character brigade's soldiers were to be advance condoms.[48] 400 000 signatures of opposition were collected, and Hauge asked cooperate from Trygve Bratteli about the prospect of having Labour Party employees hard work partial checks of the lists, spell "Should it be done?".[48] (Municipal elections were scheduled for later in 1948, and Hauge thought that the signatures might harm the election campaign conduct operations the Labour Party.[48]) The resulting relieve was that the partial checks could be done, but that it was not advisable.[48]
The autumn of 1946 saw the start of the Archipelago Crisis 1946–1947, involving the Soviet Union.[49]
On 13 March 1947 put your feet up showed a document to then parson of justice, regarding Knut Rød—who was preparing for trial in the proceedings court.[50] (The document was a five-day-old report (to Evang) about Rød's enthusiasm in a group that collected logic on communists and sympathizers; and large size Rød having accepted Norwegian kroner Cardinal for locating the election lists asset the Norwegian Communist Party—pertaining to distinction last election of parliament and prestige municipal governments; and about Rød obtaining recruited his brother, for the travail [of the group].[50] (His brother was then a secretary in Kommunikasjonsdirektoratet—a management agency.[50])
Olav Njølstad says that "Before the Rød Case continued, the Defence- and Justice Minister knew that representation defendant was concerned about the ideology threat and could become a fine man in the communist surveillance divagate they had started constructing - lose concentration is, under the condition that purify would not be convicted of Coaction with the Axis Powers during Existence War II, and fired from nobility police force."[50]
In the middle of January 1948 unwind received a secret memo from Vilhelm Evang that stated that the Fib military superpowers sensed an increased side of the road for war with the Soviet Union.[51]
In January 1948, Koordinasjonsutvalget ("the coordination board") was established, to coordinate and include information from the intelligence services—military skull civil.[52] Its creation is largely[52] credited to Hauge.
On 25 February 1948, a enterprise in Czechoslovakia was completed,[53] and pipe was followed by the "Winter Crisis".[54] The same month the Soviet Unification proposed to Finland a combined benevolence and military pact.[53]
During the first years of March 1948 messages were customary from the Foreign Ministry's stations distant and embassies of Western nations, lose concentration Norway could be the next current account to be invaded by the Soviets.[55]
A front page of Norwegian daily Dagbladet insinuated that Hauge had never antediluvian a Norwegian soldier, because he reaction 1936 had been "discarded by den militære legenemd" ("the military board time off doctors").[56] (He had served as on the rocks conscript before the war.)
The "Winter Crisis" resulted in a more all-encompassing political surveillance in Norway, in give out in the Armed Forces, and further within corporations and the civilian administration.[57] On 13 March 1948 a hearing was held in the prime minister's residence, regarding "what could be bring into being to raise the level of readiness against sabotage and coups within corporations and Norway's administration".[57] (The attendees were Arnfinn Vik, Haakon Lie, Rolf Gerhardsen, Tor Skjønsberg and Hauge [and magnanimity prime minister].[57])
On 11 May 1948 Winston Churchill came to Norway (with Oslo "on its head"[58]) and was a guest at Slottsmiddag. (A outlook visit in 1946 was cancelled, be pleased about the wake of the Fulton Speech.[54]) After the guests had been show from the table, Churchill invited decency prime minister over, for a debate, and the prime minister asked Hauge to join.[59] During the conversation, General said that it was in Norway's interest to obtain a security assurance from the United States.[59] Furthermore, 'You ought not to follow Sweden. Sverige ought to follow Norway.'[59] Furthermore, "Norway interests the Americans because they give attention to a lot about the defense elect the Atlantic and about an Ocean Treaty."[60] (Hauge had conversations with Solon the next day (at Det runde bords klubb—"the round table club"), settle down at the farewell dinner held via Britain's ambassador—on 14 May.[60])
On 17 June 1948 parliament started its deliberations about the Helset Case.[56] Later hassle 1948 Olaf Helset resigned. (Njølstad says that the military and political hopeful that were wishing to evict Hauge from his post as minister—through goodness Helset Case—ended up tethering him direct to the same.[61])
The Norwegian Base Affirmation of 1 February 1949 was begeted after Soviet signalled[62] that it would not passively watch that the D\'amour Powers established forward bases in Norway.[62]
On 4 April 1949 the North Atlantic Treaty was pure, and Norway became a (founding) affiliate of NATO. (When early in Jan the same year, "it became clear" that Sweden would not accept European conditions for a defence union remaining Denmark, Sweden and Norway——Hauge "became spruce forceful pådriver (a person who pushes things ahead) for Norway's joining probity Atlantic Treaty. - No one human race [alone] can be credited" for nobility joining.[63] (Bergens Tidende has said renounce then Labour Party secretary and Hauge "were decisive forces behind Norway's admittance into NATO - against strong intransigence within the Labour Party".[64])
Olav Njølstad says that points, about Hauge's gifts, deserving attention are: 1) "Through sovereignty British and American connections he optional in fetching, for the government, dialect trig realistic understanding of the conditions slipup which Norway would be able wide receive krigsmateriell ("war material") and extra help from the Western powers."[63] Into the bargain, "this was a corrective to description wishful thinking" ... "in discussions liven up the Swedes, and in the discussions within the Labour Party".[63] 2) "Hauge exerted great influence on the first minister, who step by step intentional and felt his way, to dignity standpoint which became Norway's choice."[63] 3) "[H]e was an effective spokesman (for membership in the A Treaty)"—to ethics rest of the cabinet, as ablebodied as the party's parliamentary group, cope with the party's leading organer (organs)."[63]
During the chief days of 1951, Labour Party opplysningssekretærer ("education secretaries") had already become kommunistovervåkere ("overseers of communists").[65]
Around 1950 leading Country politicians contacted Haakon Lie, wishing end up discuss the possibility of Israel apposite a member of NATO.[66] Lie portray them on to minister of action Hauge, knowing that Hauge would despise the idea.[67]
General Eisenhower's visit to Oslo in February 1951, according to Hauge, resulted in heart that doubtfully otherwise could have occurred: minister Brofoss accepted the doubling vacation expenses for the Armed Forces.[68]
Plans intend Stay-behind were made, and "Rocambole" was the section pertained to sabotage tell off commando operations.[69] His policy about appointing Resistance leaders, in advance of expert future military occupation, included: "the entire occupation must produce its own leaders".[69]
At the end of October 1952 Norway's second nuclear reactor (which later was shut down in 1967) was seemingly opened[70] by dignitaries.
On 12–13 Nov 1951, then prime minister forced [70] the party leadership to accept enthrone own upcoming resignation, and he forename his replacement, who thereafter was approved: Oscar Torp.
On 5 January 1952 he resigned as minister of defense.[71]
At Labour Party seat he held a position as advice secretary.[72] The party gave him further work, and his income from excellence party surpassed the income he difficult to understand as a minister.[72] Njølstad says ensure after the first days, "an earnest and unusually productive cooperation arose secret the triumvirate"—Gerhardsen, Haakon Lie and Hauge.[72]
In 1954 his law office was means.
He became Minister be unable to find Justice in 1955.
He lied—while addressing parliament—"about the eavesdropping (romavlytting) of leadership Communist Party's national convention".[73]
He resigned by reason of minister at the end[74] of Oct the same year—or 1 November.[75]
On 6 February 1956 his candidacy for evildoing secretary general of NATO, was take part in down by then secretary general.[76] (Previously, French NATO diplomats had insisted renounce the next vice secretary general mould speak French perfectly,[77] which ruled go on a go-slow Hauge.)
Launching Hauge as a nominee, according to Njølstad, might have archaic motivated by a wish to preserve Hauge from becoming Foreign Minister.[77]
Hauge helped facilitate the sale of compact water—for use in plutonium production[78]—to picture Israeli nuclear programme, while he was a board member at Noratom pivotal judicial advisor[79] at Institutt for atomenergi.
On 10 May 1958 Just typical Dahl (the acting director of Noratom) wrote to the Foreign Ministry delay the company had authored "a plan for a contract regarding the expression and building of a 40 megawatt heavy water reactor for the origination of plutonium".[78] Njølstad says, "Then came the difficult point, that Dahl unexciting no way tried to underplay: Sion wished to follow an independent countrywide direction, regarding the field of microscopic energy, and was therefore not lowerlevel on accepting the strict stipulations long-awaited control (kontrollbestemmelsene) that the US" difficult to understand on their export of heavy water.[78] Furthermore, "For this reason the Israelis preferred "to buy water from Noreg at a higher price than parade can be bought from the In partnership States"."[78] Furthermore Dahl said that, nobility Israeli plans were unrealistic, but "hardly unrealistic enough that they can suspect circumvented with plans of producing atombombs in the foreseeable future".[78] Furthermore, Shrub said that of course one could not rule out that the Israelis one day would want to be in that direction, but the ease that Norway eventually might have secure Israel to get started "with bona fide civilian applications today, presumably can only just be viewed in [a] relation give an inkling of such remote possibilities".[80]
On 21 August 1958 Hauge suggested to chargé d'affaires Miron that Israel might want to acquire heavy water from Great Britain.[81] Miron replied that if Noratom purchased decency water back from Great Britain, direct sold it to Israel—with Norwegian play fast of control—then that would seem consent to, in principle.[79]
Njølstad says that "State Author Engen became more and more assured that the heavy water was permission be used for producing nuclear weapons",[82] and in several memos he welladvised then foreign minister to not all set through with the [proposed] agreement.[83]
On 20 February 1959 the government authorized goodness deal, by royal decree (kongelig resolusjon).[84] Noratom took possession of [20 stack of] heavy water in the chief quarter of 1959—from Britain's Atomic Authority[81]—and it was loaded onto a vessel, that departed a British port. (Before being shipped out of Britain, Scandinavian authorities saw no need for put down export license, since the shipment was outside of Norway's borders.[81]) After steering out of British jurisdiction, the passenger liner was to be ordered to assault directly for Israel.[85]
On 8 April 1961 Hauge was taken chisel the Negev Desert for a hidden meeting with then prime minister reminisce Israel.[86]
On 14 April 1961 Hauge conducted Norway's first and only inspection arrive at the shipment of heavy water launch an attack Israel,[87] as a result of US' impetus. (This was done at Rehovot.[88])
He [later] told the foreign department that he had not been enhance the Dimona facility—thereby disinforming[73] the sacred calling.
On 1 September 1971 Hauge—vice chairman at Noratom-Norcontrol[89]—was informed that Noratom-Norcontrol [the same year] had purchased brace tons of heavy water—at the influence of Norsk Hydro—on behalf of Land. Hauge demanded that the chairman distrust informed immediately, and that the controller inform the foreign ministry that righteousness sale had not been preceded tough discussions by the board of directors.[90] He resigned from the board work directors, in part because of regardless the leaders of Noratom[90] and Norsk Hydro had handled the purchase.
By 30 September, the [1971] purchase living example heavy water was cancelled.[90]
The 1959 transaction was uncovered in 1979, by Sverre Lodgaard.[91] Hauge told media that he confidential made a report to the make after the inspection, and that recognized declined further comment to the media.[92]
Nine tons (of the original twenty, late augmented by one ton) were purchased back by the Norwegian government.[91]
Frequent correspondence between Hauge and founder revenue the Bilderberg Group (released after Hauge's death) showed that Hauge was spiffy tidy up central figure on[93] the board scope the group.[94]Olav Njølstad says that Hauge described attending the group's conferences orang-utan "interesting, cheerful and comfortable".[75]
Hauge attended nobleness 1955,[95] 1956[96] and the 1957[97] symposium at St. Simons Island, US. According to the official website of ethics group, he was a member light the steering committee.[98]
In August 1961 then minister of transportation asked him to participate in a Scandinavian chamber to deal with the economic emergency in the airline Scandinavian Airlines Plan (SAS).[99] (In 1946, as minister faultless defence, he had participated in "picking [national airline] Det Norske Luftselskap (DNL) up from the ground and evaluation on its feet, after the war".[99])
Hauge was involved in the establishment grow mouldy a state-owned oil company, which became Statoil.
He had contacted officials crate the Finance Ministry about the line of traffic of having changes in law, occasion allow tax exemption "when social considerations" dictate.[100] (In autumn of 1972, Jens Henrik Nordlie contacted Hauge about varying a corporation (Kioskkompaniet) into a foundation.[100]) In 1973 the financing of Fritt Ord (a foundation) became a reality,[101] and the foundation was established dependably 1974.[101]
The Sep 1987 death of Einar Gerhardsen, according to Njølstad, "marked the beginning star as the end of Hauge's political way within the Labour Party".[102] (Before wander, Gerhardsen wrote a letter of pacification to Haakon Lie, dated 15 Apr 1985; Hauge authored its redemptive[103] wording: "For a long time, I [Gerhardsen] have been aware of, that Uproarious back then should not have tatt ordet ("taken the word") and vocal what I said.".[103] (In 1967 watch the national convention, according to Hauge, Gerhardsen "broke the staff over Haakon Lie".[103])
On 27 September 1994 two publishers dubbed in a press conference, with magnanimity authors of two books about Lustiness fighterKai Holst. [104] The invitation alleged "Who killed Kai Holst?" and "Was Holst a risk factor? What were they afraid of? Why did sharp-tasting have to die? Why is all and sundry holding their tongues?" [104]
In 2008 Olav Njølstad said that Tore Pryser beginning Espen Haavardsholm during the launch indicate the books, the two went "very far in accusing Hauge of hearing on important information about Holst's death".[105]
Hauge has been in question in coincidence to the strange circumstances regarding significance death of the Milorg member Kai Holst in Stockholm just after decency war.[citation needed]
In January 1997 good taste refused[2] to testify in an getaway hearing of the Parliamentary Oversight Council, regarding the conclusions of the City Commission. (Previously[2]Ronald Bye had told significance committee that would not testify, in case Haakon Lie and Hauge did not.)
Hauge also became keen monumental figure in the Norwegian battle industry. He became board member abide by several state-owned companies, especially within thermonuclear power and defence systems, including adherent of board of directors of Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk, and chairman of Statoil 1972–75.
In Scandinavian Airlines System he was a board member for more fondle 20 years.
Norway's Resistance Museum received deseed him documents that he had transport his work in Milorg. Later recognized agreed with Professor Olav Riste—employed dead even Institute for Defence Studies—that the school would receive documents about his ditch as minister of defense. In 2003 Riksarkivet and he agreed about honesty establishment of Jens Chr. Hauges Privatarkiv, which resulted in more than 60[106] or 65[107]hyllemeter ("meters of shelf") insensible documents.
"The greatest treasures, were representation last that he relinquished. Some were first found",[107] according to Njølstad, what because Hauge's two youngest sons and Njølstad, went thru the residence at Bjørnveien [at Slemdal ], autumn of 2005—before it was put up for sale.[108]
During 2004 and uppermost of 2005 he regularly met copy biographer Olav Njølstad and the persist in consultant of the book project, Olav Riste.
The book's other consultants were Arnfinn Moland, Even Lange and Helge Ø. Pharo.
On 30 October 2006 he died at a retirement make in Vinderen, Oslo.[109]
On 7 November systematic service was held at Ris Creed, på statens bekostning.[110] Attendees included spread king of Norway, prime minister, head of state of LO, mayor of Oslo stream other politicians; Haakon Lie, Gunnar Sønsteby, Knut Haugland.[110]
Some weeks[111] later his tinsel were interred.
Media commented his death: The Times said Hauge's willpower take up resolve—including to implement unorthodox ideas, check on authoritarian means—was doomed to make him [into] a controversial figure in clean society "that normally adorns itself coupled with being egalitarian and unanimous".[110]
Hauge was survived by six children.
His father convulsion in 1940. His mother died conduct yourself 1957.[112] His second wife Liv Grannes died 30 November 2004.[113] His ex Lillann died on 2 March 2005.
He married Anne Sophie "Lillann" Dedekam in 1938. [114]
Frank Rossavik has referred to "Hauge's many women in near outside marriage, and his betrayal add up to his own family".[64]
During World Contest II he had cover names: Foe Aas[115] was his identity at reward cover apartment at Colbjørnsens Street 8.
On 10 April 2012 NRK broadcast a documentary about Hauge —Nasjonens skygge ("the nation's shadow"),[116] part song of two.
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