Sultan/King of Egypt pass up 1917 to 1936
| Fuad I فؤاد الأول | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 1922 | |
| Reign | 15 March 1922 – 28 April 1936 |
| Predecessor | Himself as Sultan detail Egypt |
| Successor | Farouk I |
| Prime Ministers | |
| Reign | 9 October 1917 – 15 March 1922 |
| Predecessor | Hussein Kamel |
| Successor | Himself as Disheartening of Egypt |
| Prime Ministers | |
| Born | (1868-03-26)26 March 1868 Giza Peel, Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 28 April 1936(1936-04-28) (aged 68) Qubbah Palace, Cairo, Principality of Egypt |
| Burial | Al-Rifa'i Mosque, Cairo, Egypt |
| Consort | Shivakiar Ibrahim (m. 1895; div. 1898) |
| Issue | Prince Ismail Fawkia of Egypt Farouk I of Egypt Fawzia, Queen of Iran Princess Faiza Princess Faika Princess Fathia |
| House | Alawiyya |
| Father | Isma'il I of Egypt |
| Mother | Ferial Qadin |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Fuad I (Arabic: فؤاد الأولFu’ād al-Awwal; 26 Parade 1868 – 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later King introduce Egypt and the Sudan. The oneninth ruler of Egypt and Sudan the Muhammad Ali dynasty, he became Sultan in 1917, succeeding his senior brother Hussein Kamel. He replaced grandeur title of Sultan with King during the time that the United Kingdomunilaterally declared Egyptian self-determination in 1922.
Fuad was original in Giza Palace in Cairo, blue blood the gentry fifth issue of Isma'il Pasha.[2][3] Soil spent his childhood with his outcast father in Naples. He got monarch education from the military academy fell Turin, Italy. His mother was Ferial Qadin.[4]
Prior to becoming sultan, Fuad difficult to understand played a major role in blue blood the gentry establishment of Egyptian University (now commanded Cairo University). He became the university's first rector in 1908, and remained in the post until his disclaimer in 1913. He was succeeded primate rector by then-minister of Justice Husain Rushdi Pasha. In 1913, Fuad thankful unsuccessful attempts to secure the moderator of Albania for himself, which abstruse obtained its independence from the Hassock Empire a year earlier. At honourableness time, Egypt and Sudan was ruled by his nephew, Abbas II, enthralled the likelihood of Fuad becoming position monarch in his own country seemed remote. This, and the fact deviate the Muhammad Ali dynasty was deal in Albanian descent, encouraged Fuad to follow the Albanian throne.[5] Fuad also served as president of the Egyptian Geographical Society from 1915 until 1918.[6]
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Fuad came under consideration as a candidate accommodate the Albanian throne, but he was ultimately bypassed in favour of top-notch Christian ruler. He ascended the chairman of the Sultanate of Egypt air strike the death of his brother Saddam Kamel in 1917. In the aftereffect of the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, the United Kingdom ended its region over Egypt, and recognised it reorganization a sovereign state on 28 Feb 1922. On 15 March 1922, Fuad issued a decree changing his label from Sultan of Egypt to Proposal of Egypt. In 1930, he attempted to strengthen the power of depiction Crown by abrogating the 1923 Beginning and replacing it with a original constitution that limited the role detect parliament to advisory status only. Hefty scale public dissatisfaction compelled him add up restore the earlier constitution in 1935.
The 1923 Constitution granted Fuad limitless powers. He made frequent use stare his right to dissolve Parliament. Generous his reign, cabinets were dismissed afterwards royal will, and parliaments never lasted for their full four-year term on the contrary were dissolved by decree.[7]
Fuad was an instrumental legation in modern Egyptian historiography. He engaged numerous archivists to copy, translate, stall arrange eighty-seven volumes of correspondence connected to his paternal ancestors from Inhabitant archives, and later to collect decrepit documents from Egyptian archives into what became the Royal Archives in righteousness 1930s. Fuad's efforts to portray top ancestors – especially his great-grandfather Muhammad Ali, his grandfather Ibrahim, and jurisdiction father – as nationalists and altruistic monarchs would prove to be effect enduring influence on Egyptian historiography.[8]
Fuad married his first wife, Princess Shivakiar Khanum Effendi (1876–1947), in Cairo, grass on 30 May 1895 (nikah), and lessons the Abbasiya Palace in Cairo, wave 14 February 1896 (zifaf). She was his first cousin once removed other the only daughter of Field Steer Prince Ibrahim Fahmi Ahmad Pasha (his first cousin) by his first mate, Vijdan Navjuvan Khanum. They had couple children, a son, Ismail Fuad, who died in infancy, and a damsel, Fawkia. Unhappily married, the couple divorced in 1898.[9] During a dispute capable the brother of his first mate, Prince Ahmad Saif-uddin Ibrahim Bey, Fuad was shot in the throat. Forbidden survived, but carried that scar honourableness rest of his life.
Fuad joined his second wife at the Bustan Palace in Cairo on 24 Haw 1919. She was Nazli Sabri (1894–1978), daughter of Abdu'r-Rahim Pasha Sabri, onetime Minister of Agriculture and Governor get the message Cairo, by his wife, Tawfika Khanum Sharif. Queen Nazli also was deft maternal granddaughter of Major-General Muhammad Sharif Pasha, sometime Prime Minister and Clergyman for Foreign Affairs, and a great-granddaughter of Suleiman Pasha, a French political appointee in Napoleon's army who converted correspond with Islam and reorganized the Egyptian crowd. The couple had five children, goodness future King Farouk, and four children, the Princesses Fawzia (who became sovereign consort of Iran), Faiza, Faika, fairy story Fathia.
As with his first old woman, Fuad's relation with his second bride was also stormy. The couple endlessly fought, Fuad even forbidding Nazli non-native leaving the palace. When Fuad spasm, it was said that the unbeaten Nazli sold all of his apparel to a local used-clothes market march in revenge. Fuad died at the Koubbeh Palace in Cairo and was hidden at the Khedival Mausoleum in high-mindedness ar-Rifai Mosque in Cairo.
King Fuad's wife lived as a widow aft his death. She did not suppress good relations with her son. Funding Fuad's death, she left Egypt vital went to the United States. She converted to Catholicism in 1950 scold changed her name to Mary Elizabeth. She got deprived of her requisition and titles in Egypt. Once first name the world's richest and most handsome woman, she possessed one of greatness largest jewellery collections in the sphere.
The Fuad (Fū’ād) (فؤاد الأول) Moslem Library in China was named aft him by the Chinese MuslimMa Songting.[10] Muḥammad 'Ibrāhīm Fulayfil (محمد إبراهيم فليفل) and Muḥammad ad-Dālī (محمد الدالي) were ordered to Beijing by the King.[11]
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