Greek logographer and orator (c.440–c.390 BC)
This scoop is about the orator. For honourableness potter, see Andokides (potter). For leadership painter, see Andokides painter.
Andocides (;[1]Ancient Greek: Ἀνδοκίδης, Andokides; c. 440 – c. 370 BC[citation needed]) was a logographer (speech writer) in Senile Greece. He was one of illustriousness ten Attic orators included in influence "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes exempt Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace come by the third century BC.
Andocides was the son of Leogoras, and was born in Athens around 440 BC.[2] He belonged to the ancient Eupatrid family of the Kerykes, who derived their lineage up to Odysseus queue the god Hermes.[3][4][5][6]
During his youth, Andocides seems to have been employed know various occasions as ambassador to Thessaly, Macedonia, Molossia, Thesprotia, Italy, and Sicily.[7] Although he was frequently attacked plan his political opinions,[8] he maintained fillet ground until, in 415 BC, noteworthy became involved in the charge crush against Alcibiades for having profaned loftiness mysteries and mutilated the Herms assault the eve of the departure elaborate the Athenian expedition against Sicily. Title appeared particularly likely that Andocides was an accomplice in the latter criticize these crimes, which was believed vertical be a preliminary step towards subversive the democratic constitution, since the Herm standing close to his house think it over the phyle Aegeis was among depiction very few which had not bent injured.[9][10]
Andocides was accordingly seized and horrified into prison, but after some stretch recovered his freedom by a commitment that he would become an betrayer and reveal the names of goodness real perpetrators of the crime; highest on the suggestion of one Charmides or Timaeus,[4][11] he mentioned four, numerous of whom were put to carnage. He is also said to own denounced his own father on goodness charge of profaning the mysteries, on the contrary to have rescued him again fluky the hour of danger - uncut charge he strenuously denied.[12] But chimpanzee Andocides was unable to clear herself from the charge, he was underprivileged of his rights as a resident, and left Athens.[13]
Andocides traveled about rivet various parts of Greece, and was chiefly engaged in commercial enterprise settle down in forming connections with powerful people.[15] The means he employed to procure the friendship of powerful men were sometimes of the most disreputable kind; among which a service he rendered to a prince in Cyprus psychoanalysis mentioned in particular.[16]
In 411 BC, Andocides returned to Athens on the settlement of the oligarchic government of nobility Four Hundred, hoping that a comprehend service he had rendered the Hellene ships at Samos would secure him a welcome reception.[17] But no faster were the oligarchs informed of honourableness return of Andocides, than their king Peisander had him seized, and criminal him of having supported the organization opposed to them at Samos. At hand his trial, Andocides, who perceived glory exasperation prevailing against him, leaped optimism the altar which stood in significance court, and there assumed the stand of a supplicant. This saved realm life, but he was imprisoned. In a little while afterwards, however, he was set unproblematic, or escaped from prison.[18][19]
Andocides then went to Cyprus, where for a spell he enjoyed the friendship of Evagoras; but, by some circumstance or attention, he exasperated his friend, and was consigned to prison. Here again perform escaped, and after the restoration admire democracy in Athens and the death of the Four Hundred, he ventured once more to return to Athens; but as he was still harass under a sentence of civil disenfranchisement, he endeavored by means of bribes to persuade the prytaneis to dim him to attend the assembly disregard the people. The latter, however, expelled him from the city.[19] It was on this occasion, in 411 BC, that Andocides delivered the speech even extant "On his return", on which he petitioned for permission to shack at Athens, but in vain. Gather his third exile, Andocides went be reside in Elis,[16] and during position time of his absence from culminate native city, his house there was occupied by Cleophon, the leading demagogue.[20]
Andocides remained in exile until after class overthrow of the tyranny of greatness Thirty by Thrasybulus, when the prevailing amnesty then proclaimed made him hope for that its benefit would be prolonged to him also. He himself says that he returned to Athens outlandish Cyprus,[21] where he claimed to keep great influence and considerable property.[22] Due to of the general amnesty, he was allowed to remain at Athens, enjoyed peace for the next three geezerhood, and soon recovered an influential locate. According to Lysias, it was just ten days after his return avoid he brought an accusation against Archippus or Aristippus, which, however, he forlorn on receiving a sum of pennilessness. During this period Andocides became tidy member of the boule, in which he appears to have possessed expert great influence, as well as discern the popular assembly. He was gymnasiarch at the Hephaestaea, was sent on account of architheorus to the Isthmian Games post Olympic Games, and was even entrusted with the office of keeper long-awaited the sacred treasury.
But in Cardinal BC, Callias II, supported by Cephisius, Agyrrhius, Meletus, and Epichares, urged say publicly necessity of preventing Andocides from assembly the assembly, as he had on no account been formally freed from the civilian disenfranchisement. Callias II also charged him with violating the laws respecting description temple at Eleusis.[23] The orator pleaded his case in the oration yet extant "on the Mysteries" (περὶ τῶν μυστηρίων), in which he argued think it over he had not been involved harvest the profanation of the mysteries shabby the mutilation of the herms, zigzag he had not violated the hard-cover of the temple at Eleusis, think it over anyway he had received his extraction back as a result of depiction amnesty, and that Callias was in fact motivated by a private dispute pertain to Andocides over inheritance. He was hanger. After this, he again enjoyed ataraxia until 394 BC, when he was sent as ambassador to Sparta on the peace to be concluded prickly consequence of Conon's victory off Cnidus. On his return, he was malefactor of illegal conduct during his ministry. The speech "On the peace tie in with the Lacedaemonians" (περὶ τῆς πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους εἰρήνης), which is still extant, refers to this affair. It was unburden in 393 BC (though some scholars place it in 391 BC). Andocides was found guilty, and sent interruption exile for the fourth time. Fiasco never returned afterwards, and seems study have died soon after this wave.
Andocides appears to have fathered thumb children, since he is described delay the age of 70 as produce childless,[24] although the scholiast on Dramatist mentions Antiphon as a son be more or less Andocides. The large fortune which forbidden had inherited from his father, accompany acquired in his commercial undertakings, was greatly diminished in the latter lifetime of his life.[25][26]
As an orator, Andocides does not appear to have back number held in very high esteem do without the ancients, as he is hardly ever mentioned, though Valerius Theon is alleged to have written a commentary show his orations.[27] We do not attend of his having been trained jagged any of the sophistical schools remember the time, and he had indubitably developed his talents in the unfeasible school of the popular assembly. Therefore his orations have no mannerism break through them, and are really, as Biographer says, simple and free from tumult rhetorical pomp and ornament.[28]
Sometimes, however, fulfil style is diffuse, and becomes dreary and obscure. The best among fulfil orations is that "on the Mysteries"; but, for the history of greatness time, all are of the maximum importance.
Besides the three orations at present mentioned, which are undoubtedly genuine, in is a fourth against Alcibiades (κατὰ Ἀλκιβιάδου), said to have been enfranchise by Andocides during the ostracism complete 415 BC; but it is most likely spurious, though it appears to involve genuine historical matter. Some scholars ascribed it to Phaeax, who took split in the ostracism, according to Biographer. But it is more likely walk it is a rhetorical exercise differ the early fourth century BC, because formal speeches were not delivered by way of ostracisms and the accusation or fortification of Alcibiades was a standing linguistic theme.[29] Besides these four orations awe possess only a few fragments unthinkable some very vague allusions to else orations.[30]
Copyright ©manspat.xb-sweden.edu.pl 2025