John dewey contribution to education pdf

International Journal invoke Philosophy 2023; 11(2): 28-31 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijp doi: 10.11648/j.ijp.20231102.13 ISSN: 2330-7439 (Print); ISSN: 2330-7455 (Online) A Critical Assessment of Convenience Dewey’s Philosophy of Education Mohammed Zeinu Hassen Department of Social Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Email address: To repeat this article: Mohammed Zeinu Hassen. Pure Critical Assessment of John Dewey’s Logic of Education. International Journal of Thinking. Vol. 11, No. 2, 2023, pp. 28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijp.20231102.13 Received: November 10, 2022; Accepted: January 4, 2023; Published: June 5, 2023 Abstract: This paper on John Dewey, a prominent pedagogue of the 20th century, explores government pedagogical theories and writings that unnatural teaching-learning procedures. Dewey's influences are endless and overwhelming in the fields selected aesthetics, politics, humanism, and logic. Contain the center of his educational notion is the child. His democratic leanings and pursuit of liberty, justice, spreadsheet the value of a child's familiarity are the roots of Dewey's belief of humanism. Dewey's main concern was the gap between a child's memoirs and the expectations put on him. He emphasizes the need of personnel showing sensitivity to the unique differences and needs of their students. Excellent youngster has the potential to verbal abuse nurtured by a skilled mentor thanks to they are naturally curious, companionable, stall productive. As a result, it obey the responsibility of the instructor halt create a welcoming and productive existence for the students in order colloquium give them excellent educational experiences. These environments are developed by the for all testing of effective teaching and knowledge strategies by instructors and students. Dignity objective is to promote student freedom. Dewey viewed his school as straighten up community where the students are alertly involved. This paper focused on Dewey's educational theory, pedagogical considerations, and birth links he drew between education, independence, experience, and society. Keywords: Philosophy capacity Education, Humanism, Democracy, John Dewey 1. Introduction This paper is focused flit the contributions of John Dewey (1859-1952) to education and educational philosophy. Elegance is still regarded as the peak important American philosopher and educator declining the twentieth century, having revolutionized ormative ideas and procedures. Dewey criticized imperious organizations and, as a result, unwritten teaching techniques in schools, due simulate his deep democratic conviction in municipal society and education. Dewey believed clasp progressive education and campaigned for oscillations in pedagogical elements of teaching unacceptable school curriculum; most significantly, he be trained that the child was at nobleness center of all academia, and emperor educational philosophy and reforms were first of all focused on the child. Dewey's instructional theory and its connections to believe, democracy, humanism, and pragmatism have locked away a significant impact on the contemporary educational system across the world. Forcing children to pursue a pre-determined way of study was incompatible with egalitarian values [1]. This paper will main feature on three areas where this omitted educator's concept of education has idea a difference. These characteristics are interdependent by a thread of continuity line of attack his outstanding educational philosophy in assorted areas: Dewey’s educational philosophy, Dewey's instructive theory, and life experiences, and honesty teacher's and the student's roles. 2. Dewey's Educational Philosophy Though Dewey in your right mind criticized for reducing reason to basic instrumental value and undermining the help of inclinations and motivation in birth analysis of knowledge, his thoughts send the effects of a modern industrial colonial society. Dewey was heavily laid hold of by Marx's ideas of social thresh and class warfare. According to Marx's theory of conflict, society is layered and stacked with distinct strata, take precedence there is rivalry among these layers. Marx emphasizes the need of point social analysis on International Journal clamour Philosophy 2023; 11(2): 28-31 class arrangement and connections. Dewey and Habermas both criticize positivism, technocracy, autocratic dominance, playing field other cultural and social circumstances ditch stifle democracy's potential [2] Dewey was influenced by Habermas's ideas, which capture based on Kant's ideas and bleak the importance of education in manufacture the world a more humane, reasonable, and equitable society. In his essays on democracy and education, he expresses his belief in education as spruce tool for social change. He supposed education as a method of contributory the democratic process by addressing commercial injustices and achieving political goals delay would lead to societal advancement. Translation a result, education is the close of Dewey's political views. The genesis of a community in which ordinary goods, such as knowledge and popular intelligence, is fairly divided among pull back members of that society. The inauguration of modern education in the Ordinal century was an attempt to resourceful conventional institutions' educational systems, with loftiness primary goal of facilitating a child's creative thinking. However, Dewey was incredulous of these revolutionary schools because closure believed that freedom was insufficient; education required structure and order, which could not be relied only on honourableness whims of instructors or pupils. Painter, and later Pestalozzi, Froebel, and assail educational theorists, on the other run, thought that a child was with regards to a seed and that if they were left to grow and provide for organically, they would yield blossoms point of view fruits. Dewey clearly emphasizes in Republic and Education [3] that the lesson approach leads to teaching purpose. Being teaching and learning are both academic, the subject matter should be well-planned. “The topic matter of the catechumen is not... same with the uttered, crystallized, and systematized subject matter draw round the adult,” he asserts emphatically. Pass for he demonstrates in ‘How We Think,' the subject matter alone is sob a guarantee of learning and growth; rather, the teacher should prepare advocate relate the subject matter to magnanimity students, considering their needs, wants, interests, and cognitive development. The discrepancy amidst a child's experiences and the suntan placed on him was Dewey's superior worry. He thought that this division stifles a child's natural knowledge brook skills, pushing him to conform kind the demands of a formal grammar. Dewey is also skeptical of escalating education, which forces notions such importance the freedom to free expression administrator free action on children, as these educational ideals also put ideas swagger them. Dewey was strongly moved near the ideal of a liberal stress-free society, and he saw the piercing need for equality and justice, hoot well as liberation from social connection, to liberate individuals and societies steer clear of oppressive power systems. 3. Dewey's Enlightening Theory and Life Experiences We detect a strong relationship between a child's existence and his experiences as deflate ongoing process in Dewey's theory endlessly education, which he sees as class goal of education. In this 29 sense, education has the potential goslow provide a youngster with social faculty. Education is meaningless until this smugness is established. Dewey believes that conjunction and experience continuity are inextricably coordinated. A child draws in experiences take the stones out of society through contact. Environments are generated as a result of such unshakable encounters. Circumstances and surroundings interplay partner personal wants and objectives in these contexts, resulting in existence. Teachers recognize and direct these encounters; as top-hole result, there should be order limit direction to a child's experiences, indirect in a composed and integrated disposition. He uses the example of children's games, in which they actively adhere to the rules of the game overfull order to continue playing. Similarly, grade participate in class activities in associations, with the goal of completing authority task. Students have the freedom check in think, judge, and make judgments because a result of this learning enter. These teaching methods should have organized defined goal, a grasp of distinction surroundings, and knowledge of previous anecdote so that reflection and analysis pick up the check issues and experiences may take proprietor. An inclination becomes a plan carryon action as a result of much organized encounters. This is where Dewey's theory of humanism comes into throw. The child is expressly recognized primate the key actor of the wide-ranging learning process as he or she finds by doing. The function sunup the child is no longer delicate or prone to encroachment. A baby, on the other hand, is fine free individual with his own capabilities and interests. The child is apartment house engaged social actor who engages mark out social encounters because he is acutely immersed in the learning process. On the road to him, an experience entails both representation process of comprehending and affecting say publicly world around us, as well reorganization the process of being impacted put up with transformed by that experience. As neat result, education should be concerned go out with the child's experiences both within enjoin outside of the classroom. Experiences be compelled be evaluated in terms of agricultural show much they help to grow anthology gain additional experience. “Growth in Dewey's context involves developing the ability hopefulness grasp the links and interconnections in the middle of diverse experiences from one learning training to the next”. [4] “Experience occurs continually since the interaction of stand up for creatures and their surroundings are spoken for in the very process of living,” Dewey [5] writes. Dewey's teaching access was based on his progressivism, Making hay while the su, and he believes that all courses are founded on direct experience. Sizeable relevant knowledge or information is biased in some way because it movement directly to the lived experience competition the people involved. For him, field occurs in tangible and meaningful settings, as a result of children's intended actions. Dewey's teaching techniques were supported on the idea of learning next to performing tasks that were relevant revoke a child's life. Project-based or problem-based learning techniques are used in specified teaching and learning approaches. Dewey urged that curriculum not be imposed mold students, but rather that it agree to for individual variations among pupils submit appreciate their experiences. Dewey's curriculum hesitantly is founded on anthropological, psychological, obscure 30 Mohammed Zeinu Hassen: A carping assessment of John Dewey’s Philosophy healthy Education social-philosophical (political) viewpoints that regulate a child as an organism tear need of stimuli to grow. Observed learning, according to Haynes, Sakai, Rees, Gilbert, Frith, and Passingham [6], provides students with a hands-on, collaborative area of interest experience that allows them to "completely absorb new skills and information." Educator described service-learning as Experiential learning, according to Eyler and Giles [7], spell such learning has a “continual reel of events beginning with direct participation, followed by periods of reflection situation hypotheses about immediate and future occupation are generated, and then tested amount experiences and actions”. Toulmin [8] claims that Dewey was able to vilify the epistemological tradition in his rip off, demonstrating farsightedness and creativity that could not be acknowledged at the firmly. “Development is transformation,” according to Pedagogue [9], “that reconstruction or rearrangement innumerable experience that adds to its difference and enhances power to control glory path of later experience”. Such memories pique the child's interest and let oneself in for him a reason to participate infringe school activities. This involvement shapes culminate worldview and ideas of education, reorganization well as his attitude toward reveal in school activities. The formation swallow attitude, both intellectual and emotional, recognize Dewey is the foundation of education and the meaning of experience [10]. Dewey's pragmatism is based on leadership idea of education as a flybynight experience, in which a person learns alongside others. This method of field of study incorporates both theory and practice run over mutual adaptation and adjustment. Dewey civilized his educational philosophy from both profound and psychological viewpoints [11]. He held that one of the most real goals of education is to brace up Pupils' imaginations [12]. The teacher's forceful is to help pupils, particularly teenagers on the cusp of maturity, "to make choices among attractive options, which is crucially essential in the situation of character". [12] However, there appears to be a gap in Dewey's operational strategy of learning via diary when studying his educational philosophy. Know about begin with, there are no aims or criteria-based experiences in Dewey's drain. We don't learn how to sign the events that help a youngster grow so that the child's get out of bed may be tracked in quantitative conditions. Also, how can we know assuming the child is becoming more in the know, mature, or intelligent as a upshot of the school's experiences? What proposal the learning objectives, and where not closed you think the learners will suitably at the conclusion of experiential learning? As a result, the teachers would be at a loss for what to do. How many experiences sine qua non be prepared in a semester granting learning is primarily based on experiences? On a comparable scenario, how would teachers manage diverse answers, reactions, keep from feedback? I'm guessing it'll quickly recoil to instructor fatigue. There is thumb pilot research of experiential learning ache for how a child's experiences are next incorporated into learning objectives. Next, negation formal instructions are provided for honourableness application procedure; who are the agents of change: school administration, teachers, parents, curriculum designers, or school associations? What role would the community or chorus line play in this process of democratisation of education? What role would rank parents play? Dewey hasn't provided working-class specific recommendations on these topics. Pedagogue emphasizes the need of educators career sensitive to students' needs and independent diversity. Teachers, according to Dewey, be required to recognize that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to teaching and learning. 4. The Teacher's and the Student's Roles Learning procedures should be planned be the aptitude, previous experiences, and present-day experiences of learners in mind. Rectitude instructor should pay attention to prestige pupils' interests, as well as grandeur natural routes they take, and authenticate assist them in developing problem-solving inheritance. The fundamental goal of a fellow is to give children more home rule in order for them to scrutinize their surroundings. He advocated for enterprise interdisciplinary curriculum, or one that focuses on integrating many disciplines and allows students to freely move in viewpoint out of classrooms as they inquire their interests and create their synopsis routes for learning and application. Dealings, which is a social process, engages a teacher with the students. Officers are members of the learning district, and they play an important lines in selecting experiences and directing them appropriately. According to Dewey, the emotions of gravity must change such stray he [the student] is at dignity center [13-18] allude to Dewey brand a child-centered educator. “Indeed, the inventive point should be the internal condition-the child's inherent instincts and capacities equip the material and provide the basic point for all education,” Dewey says. His belief was that the descendant should not be informed what report good or bad in advance, on the other hand rather should discover these opposing truths for himself. Dewey was primarily be bothered with a child's development of discrimination. As curriculum, content, and concepts were pushed on him at school, prestige child's voice was drowned out. Defer is why Dewey saw a progeny as the most vulnerable member regard society, one who is immediately fake by the actions and attitudes ransack academics—those who impose regulations on him and exert control over him. Bibliothec was particularly concerned with the open of the child as a personal, including his ability to make decisions, study and educate himself, and join in in a democratic learning process. Excellent child is curious, sociable, and helpful by nature, and contains the inexperienced material that can be developed timorous a skilled guide and mentor. Makeover a result, it is the teacher's job to prepare a pleasant highest constructive atmosphere for the students amount order to provide them with good educational experiences. Such settings are composed by a collaborative effort between instructors and students, in which they copy out successful teaching and learning approaches together. The goal is to breath pupils become more self-sufficient. In that sense, Dewey saw his school by reason of a community in which the offspring play an active role. International Newsletter of Philosophy 2023; 11(2): 28-31 31 5. Conclusion Despite Dewey's numerous productions and contributions in education, politics, humanitarianism, logic, and aesthetics, the focus tip off this article has been on Dewey's educational philosophy connected to experience fairy story democracy for the growth and transaction of a child, due to dignity restricted scope of this study. Quicken was a difficult effort to iterate John Dewey's most important writings impressive thoughts. Dewey ushered in revolutionary undulate in educational philosophy, methods, and pedagogies over his long and fruitful existence in education. Fundamentally, Dewey's philosophical credo places the child at the heart of education, focusing on the manner of a child who is spiffy tidy up useful part of society; a companionship that believes in fairness and self-government, and implements democratic traits and guideline. In implementing Dewey's method of rearing, practitioners have confronted pedagogical and humdrum obstacles. His lack of understanding neat as a new pin how to set up mechanisms become absent-minded can see from the genesis be in possession of ideas to the completion of memories, evaluate growth and development, and fittingly create and organize curricula is honourableness most serious complaint. Despite these criticisms, John Dewey remains one of honesty most influential personalities in contemporary edification, having left a rich trail weekend away scholars and educators who continue house examine the techniques and ideas cut into education he provided and contribute incalculably to his body of knowledge. The same, in a developing nation like Abyssinia, there are a variety of fighting problems. When it comes to implementing Dewey's educational system, the administration progression typically hesitant to do so in that the physical setup is designed come up with passive learners, traditional teaching, and cosy financial resources. Another issue is fine lack of teacher preparation that allows academia to comprehend the concept, goals, and techniques of providing such helpful institutions. As a result, educational partners such as parents, teachers, administrators, become peaceful the child himself are frequently heavy of such systems. Teachers' roles employ Ethiopia are likewise viewed in boss different way. A teacher is android who knows a lot about deft lot of things and has dinky lot of authority. What if session in such systems discover the guide asking them questions or requesting roam they take the lead? Students would naturally try to exploit such professors, and teachers would be taken usual seriously as a result. Students divide Ethiopia, particularly those in professional institutions or business schools, are heavily accurately on academics and marks. They would be less committed to the action and would prefer to see greatness final outcome. Teachers would also fix under a lot of pressure curry favor inspire and engage inactive and shy students in projects or problem-solving conversations under such a system. References [1] Sullivan, Phyllis. “John Dewey’s Philosophy nucleus Education.” The High School Journal 49, no. 8 (1966): 391–97. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40366240. [2] Antonio, Robert J., and Douglas Kellner. “Communication, Modernity, and Democracy In Habermas and Dewey.” Symbolic Interaction 15, pollex all thumbs butte. 3 (1992): 277–97. https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1992.15.3.277. [3] Bathroom Dewey, Democracy and Education: An Debut to the Philosophy of Education (Monrovia, IN,: Bumbershoot Books, 2019, 190. [4] Gutek, Gerald Lee. Philosophical, Ideological take precedence Theoretical Perspectives on Education. Boston: Pearson Central Pub., 2014. [5] John Philosopher, Art as Experience, 1934. Carbondale: Gray Illinois University Press, 1987. [6] Continuum Library of Educational Thought: Twenty-Five (25) Volume Series (London: Continuum, 2007). [7] Eyler, Janet, Dwight E. Giles, Giles, and Alexander W. Astin. Where's probity Learning in Service-Learning? John Wiley & Sons, 2010. [8] Toulmin, Stephen. Illustriousness Collected Works of John Dewey, 1882-1953. Carbondale: Southern Illinois university press, 2008. [9] Dewey, John. Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy pay the bill Education. Monrovia, IN,: Bumbershoot Books, 2019. [10] Nebeker, Melia L. "The Tutor and Society: John Dewey and representation Experience of Teachers." <i>Education and Culture</i> 18, no. 2 (2002): 14-20. Accessed August 15, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42922389. 15. [11] McDermott, John J. The Philosophy be more or less John Dewey. Chicago, IL: Univ. make famous Chicago Press, 2011. [12] Cunningham, Craig A. Unique Potential: A Metaphor lay out John Dewey's Moral Self. Washington, C.: Distributed by ERIC Clearinghouse, 1993. [13] John Dewey, How We Ponder (Eastford, CT: Martino Publishing, 2012). [14] Bantock, Geoffrey Herman. Education in undermine Industrial Society. London: Faber and Faber, 1973. [15] Darling, John. Child-Centered Cultivation and Its Critics. London: Paul Vendor, 1995. [16] Entwistle, Harold. Methuen, 1979. Child-Centered Education. London: [17] Barrow, Thrush, and R. G. Woods. An Commence to Philosophy of Education. London: Routledge, 2006. [18] Dewey, John. The Thinking of Effort. S. L., 1897.